What to Know About Early Macular Degeneration



Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is one of the leading causes of vision loss among older adults. It is projected that 288 million people worldwide will have AMD by 2040.

Although AMD does not lead to complete blindness, it can severely impair everyday activities like reading, recognizing faces, and driving. When detected early, the condition can be managed and the remaining vision can be preserved.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

This progressive eye condition impacts the macula, a small part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. This condition typically affects adults over 50, with the risk increasing with age.

They divide into two primary categories—dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular). The dry form is more common and progresses slowly as the macula thins over time. The latter is less common but more severe, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina that leaks fluid or blood, leading to faster vision loss.

Therefore, knowing the early signs is crucial for timely intervention.

Early Signs to Watch Out For

One of the main issues with early AMD detection is the need to identify and address choroidal neovascularization (CVN). So, recognizing the early symptoms of macular degeneration can significantly affect how these conditions can be managed.

Blurriness in Central Vision

AMD doesn’t cause any particular symptoms in its earlier stages. The peripheral vision often remains intact, but the blurriness can worsen over time if left undetected. However, if you notice any signs of subtle blurriness in central vision or low lighting, you need to consult an optometrist immediately.

Distorted Vision

Another early symptom is straight lines appearing wavy or bent, known as metamorphopsia. For instance, looking at a grid or the edge of a doorframe might show irregular lines. This distortion can affect depth perception, making it difficult to pour liquids, navigate stairs, or park a car. You can also do the Amsler grid, a simple test where grid lines appear wavy or missing, which can help you detect it in the early stages.

Difficulty with Low-Light Situations

In addition to struggling with dim lighting, those with early-stage AMD may find that their ability to recover from glare is significantly reduced. For instance, after being exposed to a bright light, it can take much longer than usual to regain clarity in a dark room or at night. This decline in visual adaptability is a key indicator that something is wrong with your macula.

Faded or Diminished Color Perception

Colors may appear duller or less vibrant, making it harder to distinguish shades. This is due to the macula’s role in providing color vision, and its degeneration impacts this function. This over time, left undetected, can diminish the ability to perceive fine details in objects, like the texture of a fabric, etc.

Blank or Dark Spots

The appearance of blank or dark spots, known as scotomas, often starts small and subtle, but over time, they can grow, impacting more of the central visual field. You might notice that certain letters or words disappear when reading, or they may only see parts of a person's face when looking directly at them.

The quality of life that good vision provides cannot be substituted. We at Optometric Associates of Southern Maine understand this and offer several comprehensive eye exams to keep your eyes healthy as you age. Contact us today!